消失的技法——让·鲍德里亚的摄影

  • Dates:2012-05-18 - 2012-06-17
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消失的技法
让·鲍德里亚的摄影

法国思想家让·鲍德里亚(Jean Baudrillard,1929年7月27日 - 2007年3月6日)无疑是当今世界上最重要的思想家之一,也是最具有煽动性和争议性的作者。在1971年到2007年之间,他著有20多部专著和200多篇文章,是在世界上被翻译最多的当代法语作者之一。他所涉及的领域十分广泛,他的“拟象理论”(simulacrum)、消费符号和符号交换理论等等,已经成为后现代文化研究不可或缺的思想坐标系。

鲍德里亚认为,在当今的社会结构中,主体、意义、真理、真实事物已经消失,取而代之的是符号化的商品。客体世界已经被“超仿真”的符号逻辑所替代,主体被彻底击碎,意义和真实世界已不复存在。当今世界上没有一种理论能比鲍德里亚的理论更深刻、更有力地指出“现代”和“后现代”之间的重大分裂,并对这种分裂作出了深入的剖析。

鲍德里亚虽然指出真理和意义已经幻灭,但他仍然试图与这种幻灭拉开距离,以退出游戏的姿态去参与游戏。这是一种不抱幻想的,去英雄主义的参与,是“以暴制暴”,用理论的暴力、思想的爆发力去反抗符号的暴力。因此他也声称自己是“理论恐怖分子”。

鲍德里亚在摄影理论和摄影实践上也独树一帜。与他从事理论的作风相似,他坚持一种“外行”的眼光去从事摄影。就像他坚称自己不是哲学家一样,他也坚称自己不是摄影家。他以主客观反转的角度提出了新的摄影理念和态度,放弃摄影家的主观投射,放弃题材、世界观、风格,“把意义和语境从对象的周围全部剥离干净”,以此来表现“客体自己想要表达的面貌”。因此,对鲍德里亚来说,摄影是一种丧失自己身份的行为。

鲍德里亚的摄影展现了一位独特的思想家看待世界的独特方式,在国际摄影界引起广泛的关注和争议。此次展览所展出的50幅摄影作品是由鲍德里亚太太Marine Baudrillard亲自挑选。本次展览是2010年是由连州国际摄影节发起,有广东时代美术馆,中央美院美术馆,南京大学,上海喜马拉雅美术馆参与巡展。

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消失点
摄影的欲望大概来自这样一种观察:从全局视角看去,这个世界十分令人失望。从细节上看,让人惊讶的是,世界总是十分完美。

某些图像并非来自摄影术也非来自摄影史。

它们来自对物体独有的那种想像。

也就是说,来自这样一种想法:是物体在看我们,是物体在思考我们。

面对一个越来越模糊的现实世界,它们试图重新找到那独特的美妙瞬间:也就是那初触的瞬间,惊喜的瞬间;那时这些东西还没有意识到我们在那儿,我们也还未将我们的存在强加于它们,它们的静谧还不曾被打扰。

然而这个瞬间很快就消失,结束了。观看这样一个我们缺席状态下的世界——大概只有鬼魂能享用这特殊的欢愉,而有的时候藏在镜头后面的摄影师也可以做到。

图像与来自物体的光与来自视线的光相遇了。

摄影师梦想一种极光,一种纯粹的气氛,在其中,事物如同在真空状态下一样准确。

白色的光,海洋式的光,不真实的,真空状态下的光,来自彼岸,这样的光即使被色彩包围,也保存着黑白的力量。在一种残酷的差别中不定的光,纯粹的光,摄影的光,直接意义上的作为一种光的写作,与其被我们看到,它更希望我们在它和它所禁闭的那内在的黑夜前面闭上双眼。

那些风景,那些面庞,那些人物,被投射在一种并不属于他们自己的光线之中,这光从外面残酷地将他们照亮,成了一些奇异的东西,诡异事件正随着光而渐渐逼近.

并非人喝茶,而是茶喝人

并非你在抽烟,而是烟斗抽你。

是书在读你

是电视在看你

是世界在思考我们

是镜头对准我们

是结果造就我们

是语言在说我们

如此如此......

是时间在消损我们

是金钱在赚取我们

是死亡在隄防我们

是摄影让我们最接近一个没有图像的世界,也就是说一个只有纯粹表象的世界。

关键是要清理精神空间;接下来发生的,耸立在真空中的东西已不是你们可以控制的事了。这已不是在向哲学提问,而是在向世界提问。

在照片里,我们什么也看不到。只有镜头在看,然而它藏了起来。我们从来也没有和物体的在场真实地在一起。

现实和它的图像之间的交换是不可能的。纯粹的现实——如果存在的话——一直是一个没有答案的问题。而图像,作为向纯粹现实提出的问题,也并不等待答案。

物体就是如此独自存在,它们的消逝改变着它们。从这个意义上讲,我们应该在它们缜密的细节中,在它们严密的结构中,在它们表象的幻象中,在它们的相互关联中保持完全的忠实。

因为幻象与现实并不对立。它是另一种更微妙的现实,将它失踪的信号包裹起来。

照片的个性是固执的,情绪化的,狂迷而自恋的。这是一种孤独的活动。摄影图像是不连贯的,点状的,不可预见且不可修复的,如某一瞬间事物的状态一样。摄影的主题在时间和空间中的孤独状态与物体的孤独状态以及它特有的沉默之间是相互关联的。

这是我们不可以去言说,必须保持沉默。然而我们可以使用图像来保持沉默。图像是沉默的话语最美的化身。它保存着那些化身所有的表象,但却巧妙地穿行到另一面,对不可言说之物的非凡直觉的那一面。

人们说在泛滥的图像中真实已经消失。但是人们忘了,在现实的演进中图像也已渐渐消失。

施予图像的暴力大大地超越了图像本身的暴力:它为文件,证明,信息的目的所用;为道德,教育,政治,广告的目的所用... 这样,我们总是将它忘记,而因此,我们失去了对图像本身命运的关注。

绝大部分描写现实的照片都热衷于反映客观世界的苦难和人类生存条件的暴力。然而,图片所描述的苦难和暴力并没有像它所公开承诺的那样给我们提供更多的震撼。相反,为了让它的内容影响我们,应该让图片自身来感染我们。让它独特的语言打动我们。

对图像最残忍的暴力无疑是审美的暴力。

我所感到遗憾的,是摄影的审美化,无论是把它变成“美术的一种,还是将它置于文化的怀抱中。

摄影图像引发了我们再现方式上的一场革命。它的出现质疑了艺术在美学上的霸权。

然而,在我们这个时代,一切都被颠倒了。是艺术吞噬摄影而不是摄影吞噬艺术。处于图像核心的这个虚空,这个赋予了它魔法和力量的虚无已经不复存在。

恰是在此处,摄影以图像之名参与进来,它不传达任何意义,也不想传达什么意义。它抗拒那些来自信息、交流和美学的暴力,重新找回图像中的纯粹事件,并以此作为它的抵抗方式。

用照片的沉默,抵制噪音,话语和谣言。

用照片的静止,抵制运动,变迁,加速。

用照片的秘密性抵制交流和信息的放纵。

用意义的沉默,抵抗意义和信息的专制。

在所有这一切之上,是抵制图像的自动泛滥,抵制它们永不止息的繁衍。

摄影的沉默。是它最珍贵的品质之一。这有别于电影与电视——总是要他们沉默,但从来也没有成功。

图像的沉默不需要也不应该需要任何注解。

图像在现实世界的轰鸣中获取了物体的沉默。

无论物体怎样被噪音和暴力所包围,摄影总是能让它静止并沉默。在极度的都市混乱中,它重造了一片荒漠,一片令人惊叹不已的隔离区。它是在寂静中走遍城市,穿越世界的唯一方式。 

Jean Baudrillard
  鲍德里亚

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(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

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(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

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The applicable geographic scope is global.

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Use in perpetuity.

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The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

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(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

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I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.

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Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

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Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.

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Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.

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Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.

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During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

Article VI

Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement

According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.

Group Visit Agreement
and Statement

CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement

I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.

CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer

Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

Article II

Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.

Article III

Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.

Article IV

Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.

Article V

During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

Article VI

Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement

According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.

Event Booking Form

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Reminder:

Hello! Thank you for participating in our public education event and we are looking forward to seeing you! If you cannot attend the event on time, please send a text message to 13261936837 (Liang) to cancel the booking. Please be aware that your eligibility for using the quick booking may be affected If you cancel the booking more than three times. Thank you for your understanding!