11月18日，“实验艺术大讲堂”之“速写中国——从小武到天注定”在中央美术学院美术馆报告厅举行。这次讲座以“公开课”的方式进行，由实验艺术学院（筹）、中央美术学院美术馆联合策划，由吕胜中教授担任主持，贾樟柯教授、林旭东教授以对谈的方式，回顾贾樟柯教授整个电影创作的历程，和同学一起分享从1998年第一部长片《小武》到新片《天注定》的整个创作思路，一起探讨对电影、对生活的理解。
讲座开始，吕胜中教授首先进行了介绍：
速写课是美术学院造型训练中最基本的一门科目，它是一种纪录的方式。速写未必是用钢笔、铅笔去画的，今天人们完全可以用不同的方式去纪录生活，比方说录像。
大部分人都认为贾樟柯是一个电影人、著名导演。而我，认为他是一个思想者，是一个艺术家，还是实验艺术系教授。他追求影像对现实表象的穿透力，他认为要了解中国，必须要到他家乡汾阳那样的小县城里，那里有真正鲜活的人。他以自己的现实体验和常态的眼睛，对真实生命深入浅出的关注，造就了当今时代新艺术的传神写照。他善于以不同的影像媒介介入当代现实，对中国现实生命的最基本层面予以强烈的人文关注。他的影像艺术，已经成为现在世界上理解中国，我们理解自己的非常难得的一种方式。他的一系列作品反映了当代人的心意，履行着一份非常厚重的文化责任。
林旭东教授，中央美术学院1985届研究生，版画专业。毕业之后，到中国传媒大学任教。长期以来，林旭东教授致力于纪录片的教学和研究工作。他不仅是一个艺术家，还是一个影评人，还是一个非常卓越的剪辑师。林旭东是纪录片和影像艺术的专家。
接着，林旭东教授从与贾樟柯的相遇谈起，说到了贾樟柯电影中的流行歌曲，多到甚至被有的人说成是印度电影，他本人非常喜欢摇滚，但是电影中却从来没有使用过摇滚。关于这点，贾樟柯教授说，虽然自己非常喜欢摇滚乐，但进行创作时，不应该把自己喜欢的音乐强加给电影里的人物，这不符合他们的生活。同时，贾樟柯教授也特别反对让电影中的人物做出超出他们生活本身的动作和选择。他觉得电影重要的是重新描述生活的真相，在描述的过程里面，我们去理解我们在经历什么，而不是让自己的人物经历超过他们思想范围的事情。
接下来，林旭东教授提到了“小人物”这个话题。贾樟柯教授说自己在相当程度上比较排斥“小人物”这个说法。他觉得大多数中国人都属于他电影里面的这个人群，像一个高校的教师，一个律师，一个银行职员或一个工人，他们从本质上说都一样。贾樟柯教授觉得可以这样称呼他电影里面的人物，“非权利的人物”，或者说“权贵之外的人群”。这些人他们没有掌握或控制这个社会的资源，他们被动的生活在这样的一个时代里面。
对贾樟柯教授来说，重要的不是划分这个人物是大人物还是小人物，而是我们都生活在这样一个权力的笼罩之下，我们这样活着，我们这样抗争着，我们想办法发出自己内心的声音。可能小武发出他内心的方法是在一个空旷澡堂里面，他在无人的时候唱他羞于唱出的情歌。《站台》里面的年轻人，他们流浪演出，离开体制，在广袤的大地上，在那些乡村城镇给自己摆一个舞台，虽然那个舞台很简陋，但是他们站在上面把唱出属于自己的音乐。
接着，贾樟柯教授谈到了自己影片中对于日常生活的关注。我们都在日常生活的状态里们，我们拥有那么多的时间，我们拥有那么多的人际关系，这是一种真实的生活处境。但电影中的世界，往往是高度紧张的、传奇的、甚至高度对抗的世界。对日常生活描述的缺失是一种常态，而这种状况是在49年之后逐渐形成的。新中国成立之后的革命文艺自身非常强调通俗性，这导致了很多类型化的倾向，大量影片是在塑造英雄，塑造革命的传奇。在这样一个传奇化跟通俗化的背景里面，我们的日常生活被抽空。逐渐的，在中国的荧幕上没有了我们的日常生活，没有了人的日常状态。
接着，贾樟柯教授谈到了电影美学。直到今天，贾樟柯教授都非常感谢他短暂的学美术的经历。系统的学习美术史让他了解人类的视觉经验，并且带给了他对材料的自觉性。接触到电影之后，对艺术本体有了一种自觉的思考，思考电影艺术它的美感在哪儿，他的特殊性在哪儿。这个思考本身是没有尽头的。就像黑泽明在获得奥斯卡终身成就奖的时候，他说，我一生都在寻找电影之美，但是直到今天我都没有寻找到。这句话有两部分对我们有启发，一部分就是，无论你从事什么样的艺术，你要了解你的材料，你要寻找他的独特的美。另外一部分，就是这个独特的美，你不要指望有一个终极的答案。
贾樟柯教授说自己的创作深受记录美学的影响。记录美学从某种程度上，不是原始记录来的，它是一种美学，但获得它需要高度的想象力。它是建立在你对现实理解基础上的一种想象，一种捕捉能力，一种捕捉之后的重新结构的能力。所以对于记录美学来说，“记录”是它的美感，呈现出来的美感，但“记录”不是它的方法。真正记录美学它的方法是虚构、是想象、是建立在一种对生活的熟知上的一个无限的想象。越是接近现实、真实、自然的空间，越是需要我们的想象力。关注日常生活，它既是一个情感的倾向，又是一个美学上的选择。在这样的一个记录里，我们能够重新组织、结构一种诗意、一种美。
林旭东教授说到，贾樟柯教授的电影和现实总是有着密切的关系，从《小武》开始，一直到最新的《天注定》，几乎同步的把中国的一些现实表象纳入到他的影片当中，甚至导致了情节的发展。
贾樟柯教授说，从97年拍《小武》开始，他意识到正生活在一个快速的变化里面，很多生活的感受是转瞬即逝的，在这样的背景下，必须保持某种对现实的专注度，如果没有把自己的视线专注的投入到这个时代的变化里面，我们可能会忽略很多东西。也就是从那个时候开始，他对自己提出来一个要求：从事一种创作，为我们这样一个快速变化的时代做出一个快速的反应，不是十年之后物是人非的感慨，也不是五十年之后的怀旧，而是当这样的事情直接把生活的变化推给我们的一霎那。
但这对于电影来说是有障碍的。电影创作周期非常之漫长，它创作的过程伴随了工业拍摄的组织化工作。一部电影从你获得灵感写出剧本到做完后期，一般来说是一年半到两年的周期。但就是这样的一个工业化的模式，是不是能够支撑敏感的、同步的去对这个时代做出反应？意识到这个问题的一霎那带给了他一种内在的激情。他电影的拍摄本身具有了一种行为性。
贾樟柯教授谈到，很多观众对他的电影有一种误解。5月份《天注定》在嘎纳首映，拿到了最佳编剧之后，网上有评论说，贾樟柯不应该拿这个奖，这个奖应该发给中国人民。他的意思是说，这个是现实发生的一件事情，导演只不过是把它拍出来。但是实际上这个说法对创作本身有很深的误解。
无论我们看《三国演义》还是看《水浒传》，很多人物是实有其人，而那个写作方法就是演义。演义本身就是一个高度的文学化、戏剧化的过程，《天注定》对他来说也是同样的一个方法。这种方法是建立在一个似曾发生的事件基础上，进行重新的一种描述。这个重新的描述首先建立在一个作者怎么去理解另外一个人，怎么去想象他的人际关系，怎么样去尝试着接近那个暴力发生的瞬间，怎么理解那个片刻。
这个艺术本身的重要性就在于，不是你妄加的对人、对事做出判断，也不是你妄加的做出一个结论，也不是你很廉价的给出人们一个明亮的未来，而是在于在这样一个描述里面，让自己、让观众理解我们正在经历什么。那是新闻所不能代替的，那是一句话所不能代替的。它是建立在吞噬我们的日常的平庸，建立在我们对日常的时间的感受，建立在我们的传统、文化之上，施给我们的一种影响。
接下来，吕胜中教授对于提到的“第六代导演”、“小人物”、“城市化进程的复杂形态”以及“怎样定位关于社会与公众立场”四个问题从艺术家的身份和角度出发进行了阐释。并且说到，贾樟柯教授在教学当中一直强调培养学生一种综合的、跨界的、通识的能力。贾樟柯教授自己做事情就是在这样一个文化艺术大略上，用影像作为一个语言手段来进行表达。从这个意义上讲，他就是一个艺术家。
在提问环节，同学们和贾樟柯教授就电影创作中的经验性、高科技在电影中的运用、编剧方法、创作题材、长镜头的使用、电影受众等问题进行了探讨。
最后，吕胜中老师把讲座中同学们的问题纸条交给贾樟柯老师，讲座结束在一片掌声中。
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
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Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
