时 间：2014年9月4日，18：30-20：30
地 点：中央美术学院美术馆学术报告厅
主讲人：邵志飞教授（Jeffery shaw）（香港城市大学创意媒体学院院长）
作为“实年一验——中央美术学院实验艺术专业教学十年成果展”系列学术活动的最后一场，题为《过去、现在和未来媒体艺术中的一些重要问题》的讲座于2014年9月4日晚在中央美术学院美术馆学术报告厅举行。本次讲座由香港城市大学创意媒体学院院长邵志飞（Jeffery shaw）教授主讲。
邵志飞先生是新媒体艺术的先锋，自60年代以来一直致力于开拓新媒体艺术的可能性。他利用数码媒体创造出虚拟和沉浸式视觉环境、可操纵影像系统以及需要观众参与的互动叙事。他的许多作品在世界各地展出，影响广泛，作品包括表演、雕塑、录像和互动装置。回顾自身的创作历程，邵志飞教授指出，他的创作从类似雕塑的有形之物开始，逐渐转向创造无形的环境与机会。此次讲座围绕的中心问题在于如何为观众创造一种可以参与的创意空间并论及媒体艺术的发展过程。
在展开的论述中，邵志飞教授首先介绍了延展电影（Expanded Cinema）。在他1968年的作品《物体电影》（Corpocinema）中，投影屏幕形成一个半球体空间，人们可以在其中表演舞蹈、演奏音乐等。电影投放时观众看到的是全方位影像。类似创作还有1969年的作品《电影电影》（Movie Movie）。邵志飞教授介绍了1989年创作的经典作品《清晰可读的城市》（The Legible City）。作品中，观众通过骑自行车游览不同的城市，可随意控制自行车向前、向后或拐弯。作品以曼哈顿和阿姆斯特丹等城市中的真实建筑为背景，不同的建筑由不同的字母组成。观众骑车游览的同时也是阅读文章的过程。文章内容与相关城市的历史有关。作品因而带有纪念意义，与城市有关的记忆相交织。此外，如果作品在不同城市地点展出，不同地点的观众还有机会在屏幕中相遇并交谈。
1987年，邵志飞教授创作了作品《天堂之门》（Heavens Gate）。观众身处的空间头顶有投影，脚下有镜子。向上看是巴罗克教堂的天顶画等图像，向下会则见到一种宇宙全景。在那个沉浸式影像空间中，观众的视野似乎可以无限延伸。而在创作于1979年的交互式作品《洞穴的形成》（conFiguring the CAVE）中，观众可以自主操纵木头人。木头人身上的各个关键点安装有传感器。随着木头人姿势的调整，观众将看到不同的景象。关闭木头人的眼睛，屏幕会变黑；睁开木头人的眼睛，观众身处的空间会呈现另一番情景。
邵志飞先生随后谈到全景观看（Panoramic Gaze）。他以1989年的作品《革命》（Revolution）为例。该作品为纪念法国大革命200周年创作。当观众如推磨般转动把手时，会出现200个自法国大革命以来的革命图像。此外，媒体技术的发展使视觉博物馆或虚拟博物馆得以实现。现在，观众能足不出户参观博物馆并通过操纵装置转换视角，调整观看距离，进入不同的博物馆展厅参观。虚拟影像技术使参观博物馆的所需之物变得非常简单：一把转椅和屏幕操纵杆。
媒体技术带给观众自主探索与发现的体验，为了了解观众对其作品的感受，邵志飞先生专门进行过观众调查，结果显示观众对作品的体验不限于视觉，而是实际上遍布全身。激发观众的自主参与是邵志飞教授创作的关键点之一。他1983年创作了作品《观点》（Point of View），使用苹果第二代电脑设置程序使观众通过操控图片上显示的古埃及文字（埃及文字被译成相应的英文单词）来制造不同的声音。随着观看角度的转变，声音也随之改变。
邵志飞先生随后谈到的要点是人类/机器中介（Human/Machine Agents）。观众置身于360度全景空间，拥有足够的自由去选择希望看到的图像并进行自由组合，全新的叙事随之产生。观看影像的过程中，在目光注视中心的两侧和身后的同时有其他影像播放，这与人眼的观看方式类似。邵先生以幕后投影的六屏影像作品《反应器》（Reactor）为例。该作品的创作灵感来自塞缪尔·贝克特（SamuelBeckett）的小说《迷失者》（the Lost Ones）。作品中的人受到电脑控制，他们的行为规则受到塞缪尔·贝克特文字的操控。观众变成他人生活的窥看者，用手电筒的光去探索那一人造的虚拟世界。六个屏幕、六个手电、六束光在作品营造的空间里交汇。而他在去年上海双年展的参展作品《再次倒下，倒得更好》（Fall Again Fall Better）中利用地铁把手为操纵杆，观众每拉一次操纵杆，屏幕里的人会全部倒下，但每次倒下的方式都不同。
邵志飞教授还谈到混合与增强现实（Mixed & Augmented Reality）与分散和重组的叙事(distributed and re-combinatory narrative)。他以1970年的《夜晚的白昼之云》（Cloud of Day Sky at Night）等作品作为混合与增强现实的例子。在《夜晚的白昼之云》中，白天的景象被投射在夜晚的人造空间里。双重现实在同一空间形成奇异的并置。而分散和重组的叙事则涉及文字与图像的重组，既有将著名法国诗人所写诗集的每一页分开再自由重组成上百万种不同的诗，也有将不同的视频短片在3D的虚拟环境中重组。观众参与导演与剪辑，那些原本来自电视剧的垃圾短片进入再循环，新的意义生成。邵先生还谈到产生式艺术美学（generative art aesthetics）的概念，指电脑自身可以创造出无穷的图形变幻。
邵志飞先生讲座所谈的最后一点是文化遗产的具体化（Embodiment of Cultural Heritage）。除了之前谈及的媒体技术在非物质文化遗产的保护方面的应用，如拍摄出360度全景图以及借助3D眼镜，观众可以自主操控，通过科技之眼探索不同地区。此外，在与敦煌学院的合作中，镭射影像、高分辨率的图像与媒体技术相结合制造出敦煌石窟1：1复原的360度全景投影模型。观众不仅可以选择进入不同石窟观看、放大局部、进行上色实验，还可以通过动画技术复活壁画上的艺术形象。在2012年的香港艺博会上观众借助媒体技术通过移动ipad就可以看到敦煌壁画。
在邵志飞教授眼中，媒体艺术是一项基础学科，与我们的生活息息相关。以往，在艺术家创造的再现性空间中，观众通常只是一个观看者。如今，随着艺术中沉浸式再现空间的创造，观众可以完全置身其中并参与创作。在观众的互动参与下作品将随之呈现不同的面貌。艺术已突破了边框的限制，创造出新视界。媒体艺术需要艺术家与科学家进行跨界合作。未来的媒体艺术是一加一等于三。
胡晓岚/文
董慧萍、陈昱树/图
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
