近日，上海博物馆举办的“走向现代主义：美国艺术八十载（1865—1945）”吸引了大批艺术爱好者不惜在长假排上数个小时的长队，只为一睹这些在国内鲜能看见的外国艺术作品。纵观国内美术馆现状，多数没有国际艺术家作品收藏，国内的观众很难有机会看到国外优秀的艺术作品。但事实上，通过《中央美术学院美术馆藏精品大系 · 外国艺术卷》的出版，我们惊喜地发现原来这里竟然有如此多的外国艺术佳作的收藏。
中央美术学院美术馆藏外国艺术家作品主要有两个来源，其一是艺术家本人或学院教师集中捐赠和购买的。例如伍必端先生，他是20世纪50年代国家公派苏联学习版画的艺术家，也是中央美术学院版画系创建和早期教学的重要教员。他在留学期间，收藏了一批版画作品，且版种多样、水平较高，很有时代特色和代表性，并于2005年将这批珍贵的版画作品精选之后捐赠给学院。
孙景波先生也曾经赴俄罗斯考察，并为学院购买了一批油画和素描作品，其中就有一件安德烈 · 安德烈耶维奇 · 梅尔尼科夫的油画《夏天》。同时期还有中国代表团赴俄罗斯访问交流，也带回一些苏联艺术家的作品并捐赠学院。
【俄罗斯】安德烈 · 安德烈耶维奇 · 梅尔尼科夫 《夏天》 20世纪
日本艺术家矢崎千代二先生于1938年第三次来到中国，在中国游历创作近十年，抗战胜利以后，他将创作的粉画作品1008件全部捐赠给了当时的教育部门，留在中央美术学院前身——教育部特设北平临时大学第八分班保存。徐悲鸿先生接管国立北平艺术专科学校之后，还曾将矢崎千代二先生聘为教员。这批作品表现的是20世纪20年代至40年代世界各地的风景建筑和社会百态，不仅具有很高的艺术水准，同时对于我们研究人文和历史也具有很好的史料价值。
【日本】矢崎千代二 《N氏像》1930年
馆藏外国艺术家作品中还有一些欧洲油画也十分珍贵，其中大部分是由国立北平研究院在1930年委托当时的中法大学校长孙佩苍先生在欧洲征集，后来于1935年和1950年分两批，由北平研究院和中国科学院划拨给了国立北平艺专和中央美术学院保存。中国科学院划拨的部分由常任侠先生代表学院接收，其中有许多法国艺术家的重要作品，例如古斯塔夫 · 库尔贝的《妇女头像》，阿尔贝 · 弗里埃的《人体卧像》，艾克特 · 阿诺多的《妇女纺线》，伊西多尔 · 亚历山大 · 奥古斯丁 · 皮尔斯的《巴黎歌剧院壁画稿》等等。
【法国】古斯塔夫 · 库尔贝《妇女头像》19世纪
馆藏外国艺术家作品的第二个来源是国际艺术交流。从20世纪50年代起，就有各国驻华领使馆和国际友人将本国艺术家作品赠送给中央美术学院的记载，其中不乏像苏联艺术家克拉夫钦科、特卡乔夫兄弟，日本艺术家加山又造等艺术家的代表作品。1957年，在中国与东欧国家的文化交流中，王曼硕先生还曾为中央美术学院带回了一批乌克兰基辅美术学院捐赠的师生版画作品。2000年之后，中央美术学院搬迁到花家地新校区，随着学院全学科教学的发展和国际交流活动的频繁，国际化的新建美术馆落成使用，外国艺术家作品的展览和交流也日益增多，借此契机，美术馆代表学院接受捐赠或主动收藏了一批国际著名艺术家的当代作品。例如德国艺术家A · R · 彭克、约瑟夫 · 博伊斯、马库斯 · 吕佩尔茨、路易吉 · 克拉尼和福尔克 · 阿布斯，美国艺术家小野洋子、凯文 · 克拉克、阿瑟 · C. 丹托，爱尔兰艺术家肖恩 · 斯库利，韩国艺术家河东哲，丹麦艺术家比扬 · 诺格，法国艺术家瓦莱丽 · 古塔尔，智利艺术家何塞 · 万徒勒里等人的代表作品。这些藏品多数来自收藏家、艺术机构、驻华使馆等的捐赠，它们的入藏，极大地扩充与丰富了中央美术学院美术馆的外国当代艺术作品馆藏。
【美国】 阿瑟·C. 丹托《背婴儿的妇女》20世纪60年代至20世纪70年代
小野洋子
通过对现有馆藏外国艺术家作品的整理研究，我们可以对它们的特征和面貌进行初步总结。其中，油画作品以19世纪法国艺术家的为主，题材集中为人像、静物和风景，风格面貌也较为多样，涵括了新古典主义、浪漫主义、写实主义和印象主义等艺术运动和思潮影响下产生的艺术作品，例如弗罗伦 · 威莱姆斯的《梳妆女像》、塞拉斯基的《半身男像》、保罗 · 比瓦的《静物》、艾恩 · 凡 · 马兹克的《牧牛图》等等。还有部分20 世纪苏联和俄罗斯艺术家的作品，例如康斯坦丁 · 梅福季耶维奇 · 马克西莫夫的《风景》、菲利片科的《看书女子》、安德烈 · 安德烈耶维奇 ·梅尔尼科夫的《女人体》、亚博隆什卡的《金色威尼斯》、卡柳塔的《玛利亚》等等。值得一提的是，康斯坦丁 · 梅福季耶维奇 · 马克西莫夫的作品《风景》，即为他在20世纪50年代应邀到中国举办油画训练班时期创作并捐赠给中央美术学院的，可以说，这件作品见证了中国现代油画教育发展历程中的重要时刻，以及马克西莫夫与中国的友谊。
【苏联】马克西莫夫《风景》 1958年
法国和苏联为主的油画作品收藏也反映出特定历史时期，中国油画教育中以学习法国写实主义和苏联社会主义现实主义为主的教学体系。当代外国艺术家作品以2000年之后收藏的较为集中，其中涵盖的国家也增多起来，包括德国、英国、美国、法国、意大利、荷兰、丹麦、澳大利亚、印度、爱尔兰、智利、日本和韩国等等。作品类别也日渐丰富，抽象绘画、雕塑、装置、设计和摄影作品等都有涉猎。
作为一所大学的美术馆，中央美术学院美术馆的馆藏作品在不同历史时期，在学院教学、研究、出版和展览交流活动中发挥了重要作用，并带有鲜明的时代特点。很多重要作品都是学生临摹学习、鉴赏观摩的良好范例，在特定历史时期为中国艺术家和学生学习了解外国美术提供了有效的原始资料。中央美术学院在这之后也持续对收藏的外国艺术作品进行整理和研究。
以上内容节选自《中央美术学院美术馆藏精品大系·外国艺术卷》前言 唐斌 撰
| 图书 |
《中央美术学院美术馆藏精品大系·外国艺术卷》
主编 唐斌 华田子 胡晓岚
作品图来自中央美院美术馆|书籍图片来自上海书画出版社
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
