李毅士《王梦白像》相关问题考释

内容提要:中央美术学院美术馆“馆藏国立北平艺专精品(西画部分)”中的《王梦白像》一画在民国油画史上颇有意义。虽然馆藏档案中未登记其作者,但可以通过作品上的签名确定其作者是早期留英画家李毅士。此画的发现,为王梦白肖像提供了宝贵资料,可矫正现今对王梦白肖像的一些误传,而且画中的一些细节准确地体现了王梦白的外貌、身份、性格和师承关系。李毅士创作《王梦白像》不仅关涉北京美术学校初创时期同事间的关系,也部分暗示了李毅士的艺术观念。

关键词:《王梦白像》;李毅士;北京美术学校



2012年11月27日至2013年4月25日,中央美术学院美术馆展出了“馆藏国立北平艺专精品(西画部分)”,所陈列的35幅作品大多为北平艺专(北京美专)草创时期留洋归来的西画教授们的作品,且绝大多数乃首次向公众展示,十分稀有和罕见,其意义不言而喻。在这些作品中,李毅士创作的《王梦白像》还涉及近现代美术史上一些不为今人关注的问题,值得进一步讨论。

《王梦白像》为布面油画,高117厘米,宽76厘米。画幅中间立一中年男子,留山羊胡,戴黑毡帽,穿深灰色长褂,两手抱胸,左手夹纸烟,呈四分之三侧身。背景为一堵灰墙,悬挂着一幅吴昌硕的篆书对联,左下角斜倚着五件卷轴。画面右下方有作者的签名:TsooH.Lee1920。据中央美术学院美术馆馆长王璜生先生介绍,在美术馆库房账本中,《王梦白像》的作者被登记为“佚名”,美术馆经过比对另一幅油画肖像《陈师曾像》才确定了创作者。[1]《陈师曾像》也是“馆藏国立北平艺专精品(西画部分)”展览上的展品,同为布面油画,同为人物肖像,尺寸也与《王梦白像》相近,两幅作品可视为姐妹篇。但由于库房条件较差,《陈师曾像》损坏严重,因此是经过修复才展出的。[2]作为参照,《陈师曾像》是鉴定《王梦白像》最合适的标准件,经专家比对,尤其是通过两幅画的签名——“Tsoo H. Lee”的比较,最终确定两幅画出自同一画家之手,即库房登记本中《陈师曾像》的作者李毅士。

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图1  李毅士 《陈师曾像》 130×70cm 布面油画 1920年

李毅士(1886-1942年),原名李祖鸿,江苏武进人。1904年至1916年负笈英国,先入英国格拉斯哥美术学院学习西画,后入格拉斯哥大学攻读物理,是民国早期在欧洲接受过西洋画训练的少数几位美术先驱之一。由于个人及时代的复杂因素,李毅士留存下来的画作十分有限,《陈师曾像》和《王梦白像》的发现,为研究李毅士的油画提供了一组重要的实物资料,其价值不仅仅体现在艺术层面,也体现在历史层面。

中央美院美术馆在确定《王梦白像》作者的过程中,画作签名成为主要依据,但并未对此做更多的解释。其实李毅士的签名尚有可说之处。

在现存的李毅士传世作品资料中,其签名大抵可分为两类:一类是中文签名,另一类是英文签名。[3]中文签名以《长恨歌画意》为代表。《长恨歌画意》是一套根据白居易的《长恨歌》内容创作的水墨画,一共30帧,1929年曾参加过第一次全国美展,原作后来捐赠给中国美术馆。1932年中华书局将整套画作影印出版,由于颇受欢迎,此后又多次再版。在这30帧作品中,16帧画幅的角落处有作者签名,用的是中文,署“毅士作”三字。在一些水彩画中,李毅士也会用中文签名,比如其水彩风景《湖畔》,签“毅士”二字,并钤一朱文名章;其取材《红楼梦》故事的水彩画《龄官画蔷》,则署“毅士画”,也加盖朱文名章。李毅士的英文签名多见于油画和素描速写作品,比如作于1920年代的油画《天宝遣艳》,左下角签“Tsoo H. Lee 1925”,而他留学期间及回国后画的速写习作绝大多数签“Tsoo H. Lee”,或者加上时间。

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图2 李毅士留英期间的风景速写,右下方签名为“Tsoo H. Lee”

比较李毅士的中英文签名可以发现,二者并不对应,即其英文签名“Tsoo H. Lee”并不是“李毅士”一名的英译。考虑到李毅士居英国达12年之久,“Tsoo H. Lee”应该是他的英文名字。而根据民国的通例,中文名字翻译为英文时,应该使用威妥玛式拼写法,而精通英语者,还会结合英文发音的习惯。因此推断,“Tsoo H. Lee”应为李毅士的原名“李祖鸿”的英译缩写。

上述梳理其实可视为对《王梦白像》的一次虚拟式鉴定,即使当时没有《陈师曾像》可资参照,通过签名的比较,也一样可以断定该画的作者为李毅士。

《王梦白像》的作者已得以确定,但此画的主角王梦白的身份一直都不够清晰。王梦白(1888-1934年),名云,字梦白,号破斋主人,又号彡道人。祖籍江西丰城,出生于浙江衢州,为民初北京画坛重要画家。由于研究的不足,我们今天对王梦白的了解还十分有限,一个突出的例子便是,在李毅士的《王梦白像》被发现之前,见诸各种媒介的有关王梦白的肖像(包括照片),几乎没有一幅是正确的。

笔者近年在收集王梦白资料的过程中,在互联网上发现了三张王梦白肖像的图片,其中两种为照片,一张为手绘白描肖像。白描肖像是苏州工艺美术家苏文2006年绘制的《中国历代书画家集》中的王梦白肖像。[4]画中的王梦白着现代服饰,翘腿坐在一岩石上,面容慈祥,谢顶,无须,年龄应在七十上下。与此肖像存在着明显关联的是“百度百科”中“王梦白”词条下的一张配图,照片中的老者年过古稀,两手相执坐于案前,无论是相貌还是姿态,都与苏文先生所绘的王梦白肖像十分相近,疑为苏文所绘肖像的原型。

另一张图像出现在“中国收藏网”2009年7月24日的一篇配图文章《京华美术学院简介和人物简介》之中,该文为王梦白的简介配上一张照片,照片中的中年男子伏坐于案前,年龄约在五十左右,短发,无须,戴着眼镜,手执硬笔作抄录状。

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图3 百度百科“王梦白”条目的配图,原图为一青年与一老者合影,此图略作处理,仅保留老者(左)

图4 《京华美术学院简介和人物简介》一文中所配的“王梦白”像 (中)

图5 王梦白像 (右)

其实,这三张图像都不是王梦白,因为它们与史料中对王梦白的描述大相径庭。民国文人黄濬在《花随人圣庵摭忆》中云:“丰城王梦白,年未四十,须长过颌。”并附挽诗,有“兀谩故应违末世,须髯终不预天年”之句。[5]王梦白的学生王青芳在纪念性文字《王梦白画师》中对王梦白的外貌有过较为详细的记述:

先生身长,英挺而秀,两眸炯炯闪灼逼人。年三十许,即鬓发斑白,于思满腮,浸淫及额准;颌下美髯盈尺,飘拂如银,不知先生者,号为王髯,与字并行,又自署曰杉,象其髯之飘飘然也;与凌直支,周养庵先生有画坛三大胡子之目。[6]

王梦白的另一位学生、著名画家王雪涛在《忆梦白师》一文中也有相近的描绘,他说:“记得初见梦白先生时,其貌清癯,双目炯炯有神,谈笑风生,年尝四十余岁,却因生活之煎熬竟银髯盈尺了。”[7]

由此可见,美髯是王梦白的一项具有标志性的外貌特征,广为时人所熟知。比对上述三张所谓的王梦白肖像,均无一根须发,与其典型形象相去甚远。且王梦白在天津病逝时年仅47岁,应属中年,而肖像中的形态也与此不符。因此可以肯定,此三张肖像都属谬误。

实际上,在王青芳1935年发表的《王梦白画师》一文中,曾配以一张王梦白的照片,虽然刊物黑白印刷,但依然可以看出他“两眸炯炯闪灼,鬓发斑白,颌下美髯盈尺,飘拂如银”的美髯公形象。或因此照片长时间未被关注,才导致了上述所列的种种讹误。

根据王文中的照片及上文所举时人对王梦白外貌特征的描述,李毅士的《王梦白像》恰好表现了王梦白的典型特征。因《王梦白像》创作于1920年,是时王梦白32岁,尚处青年,虽未及“银髯盈尺”,但显然已“须长过颌”。画中王梦白颌下的长胡子生动而准确地表现了“须长过颌”。由此可见,该作品具有高度的写实性,是青年王梦白的真实形象,因而应视为有关王梦白图像研究的一项极为宝贵的资料。

除了如实表现了青年王梦白的形象外,《王梦白像》还为王梦白的身份提供了一些重要的图像信息。在此择数处略作分析。

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图6 李毅士 《王梦白像》 117cm×76cm 布面油彩 1920年

其一,瓜皮帽及长褂。王梦白出身贫寒,少时在衢州一灯笼店做学徒,自学绘事,从未沾染科举,所以算不上遗老。但他作画吟诗,走的是传统的路子,且未入新式学堂,因此戴瓜皮帽、穿长褂这样的旧式作派也在情理之中。在其友人撰写的一则纪念文字中还可推知他对西服的排斥:

梦白谈话最有风趣,但极刻薄。彼对友人间之握手,号曰“手淫”。与记者遇于公园,握手后,必曰:“我们又手淫一次了,你们穿西装的朋友是爱手淫的”。闻者无不大笑。[8]

既然说“你们穿西装的朋友”,大抵自己是从来不穿西装的,《王梦白像》中的中式服装刚好与此相互印证。

其二,左手的纸烟。在诸家纪念王梦白的文字中,提到了他多种爱好,比如爱看电影:“梦白喜看电影,西城之中天中央,每次换片,彼必临场,记者亦有影癖,于是乃成影院中之良伴,梦白不懂西文,然却爱看西片,其论影亦颇精到。”[9]如果说看电影算是业余爱好,那么好酒嗜赌则可谓“不良习惯”了,黄濬在《画家王梦白》中谓其“画虽驰誉异邦,性乃酷嗜摴蒱,又使酒谩骂,于物多仵”。[10]时人在《感逝偶谈王梦白》中说他“平日嗜杯中物,及雪茄烟,又好作摴蒱戏”,[11]可见雪茄亦其爱好之一。王梦白喜欢抽烟,其同乡友人、著名剧作家熊佛西在纪念文字中写到他边抽烟边作画的情景:

某次至余寓闲话,余出纸请其写画,彼则一面口衔雪茄——先生喜欢雪茄烟,几乎烟不离口——一面执笔以极淡之干笔在纸上画了八九个疏密有致之墨团团,当时余立于桌旁不知所画为何物,稍缓,便以浓墨在干皴之团团上钩点数笔,一幅活生生之雏鸡群跃于纸上矣。[12]

由此可见,烟是王梦白日常生活中必不可少的一部分,《王梦白像》中手夹雪茄的动作,正是其现实形象的真实写照。

其三,左下角的卷轴。卷轴是李毅士为王梦白选择的一个身份符号。我们不妨通过其创作的另一幅肖像画《陈师曾像》稍作比较。在《陈师曾像》中,作者选择了三件物事:折扇、陶罐和画像石拓片。折扇为传统文人把玩之物,陶罐代表古物,画像石拓片集书画、金石、古物于一体,因此,作者绘此三物,试图在暗示陈师曾并非纯粹的书画家,而同时还是诗人、金石篆刻家及博物学家。相比而言,王梦白的社会身份要单纯得多,他就是一位传统画家,而宋元以来,卷轴画是传统绘画的主流,因此以卷轴标明王梦白的身份,可谓恰如其分。

其四,背景中的吴昌硕篆书联。应该说,书画同源,背景的篆书对联与左下角的卷轴一样,也是王梦白身份标识之一。但此联中清晰可辨的吴昌硕落款,可能还有另一番深意,即暗示了王梦白的师承关系。王青芳提及一则王梦白投师吴昌硕的故事,颇具传奇色彩:

画师幼失学,习业钱庄。一日,见吴昌硕所画花卉,朝夕摹之。主者以其荒于业,除其徒籍,泣于路侧,无所得衣食。有好事者携之赴沪。植立吴昌硕之门,欲拜为师。门者不许通,俟吴昌硕送客时,掩袖跪乞为门下士。昌硕奇其貌苍古,试之画,颇得其神似,遂留之门下,称高足焉。[13]

此文或有夸张成分,但王梦白师出吴昌硕应属事实。周肇祥《王梦白先生墓表》也称其“从任伯年吴仓硕诸老游”,[14]而王雪涛在回忆乃师的文章中则云吴昌硕曾亲自为王梦白手订润格,称“梦白王君嗜画成癖,古意横溢,活泼生动”。[15]

总而言之,《王梦白像》中的一些细节均有其确切的涵义,大多能在文献中得到印证。反过来看,李毅士作为王梦白的同事和肖像作者,其创作必定有根有据,因此,此画作本身又是一件重要的实物史料,也可佐证文献之不足。

李毅士创作的《王梦白像》包涵了如此丰富可信的信息,让我们不免要推测两人之间的交汇。但是从家庭出身、成长环境、教育背景、艺术旨趣诸方面看,二人均大相径庭:李毅士出身官宦世家,父亲李宝璋为晚清举人,叔父李宝嘉即《官场现形记》的作者。少时受传统教育,14岁入浙江求是书院受新学;17岁留日,次年留英,既学绘画,又修物理;艺术上也学西画,善素描、水彩和油画。总之,李毅士虽然受传统熏陶,但从所受的教育看,基本上是西方的传统,因此我们从照片上看到的也往往是一身西服。戴瓜皮帽穿长褂的王梦白则完全是另一种情形:出身贫寒,父亲是流寓衢州的手艺匠;自幼失学,曾于灯笼店当学徒;学画源于爱好,师从吴昌硕,走的是纯粹传统的路线,因此,其艺术成就主要也在写意花鸟杂画。那么,看似完全不同路的两个人,是如何交汇的?《王梦白像》的创作具有怎样的历史情境?

不妨检索1920年前后他们各自的活动轨迹。李毅士于1916年秋回国后,应蔡元培之邀,任教于北京大学理工学院。1918年初,北京大学画法研究会成立,李毅士受聘为水彩和铅笔画导师。1919年,蔡元培又推荐李毅士为一年前刚刚成立的北京美术学校教授,兼任西画主任。至1924年应刘海粟之邀赴上海出任上海美专教务长之前,李毅士都是北京美术学校(1922年后更名为北京美术专门学校)的西画教授,期间还与吴法鼎、王悦之等组织了一个研究西画的机构——阿博洛学会。

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图7 北平艺专部分教员李毅士(前排右二)、陈师曾(中持扇者)等人合影

王梦白的情况稍显复杂。由于学界对王梦白研究不足,致使其生平事迹多有不详之处。研究者多认为王梦白是北京美术学校第一批中国画教授,但据笔者考证,在北京美术学校成立的1918年,王梦白还在上海,他赴北京的时间可能是1919年的上半年,且抵京之初,以鬻画为生。[16]因而,他进入美术学校任教的时间不可能早于1919年,其推荐人则是陈师曾。潘渊若回忆:先生之来京也,拟鬻画于厂肆,润格尺一元,扇亦一元,肆主以其非名画家,仅收其润格,拒悬其画,以是无人过问,先生殊懊恼。后遇师曾,诧其画为近代罕见,因揄扬之,并介入美校(艺院前身),由是声誉雀起。[17]

据云,王梦白离开北京美专也是在1924年。如果上述时间无误的话,李毅士与王梦白在北京美术学校的任职时间刚好是一样的。因此,在创作《王梦白像》的1920年,李毅士与王梦白至少有同事之谊。

同事之谊已为《王梦白像》的创作奠定了最基本的条件,但若细加推敲,可能还有一些推动因素,比如与陈师曾的关系。上文提及,李毅士曾于1918年初被聘为北京大学画法研究会的水彩和铅笔画导师,陈师曾不仅同样被聘为首批导师,而且还参与过筹备工作。因此,早在北京美术学校成立之前,陈师曾与李毅士已有同事之谊。何况陈师曾彼时名重京城,为人“温雅而有特行,友朋星聚”。[18]虽未见陈、李交游之记载,但必定相互推崇,此或为《陈师曾像》的缘起。至于王梦白,虽然也与京城诸画家交游,但是其“嘴向不饶人,尤爱骂同行,同行中仅陈师曾一人为其敬爱。”[19]既然王梦白是陈师曾圈子中的人,若有陈师曾的促成,那么李毅士画王梦白肖像也就水到渠成了。同事之谊与陈师曾圈子的关系

只是李毅士创作《王梦白像》的客观条件,李毅士要画美术学校同事,理论上西画科同事更加便利,但他为何要舍近求远,去画两位国画科同仁?这或许与其艺术观念有关。

纵观李毅士的作品发现,在回国之后,其创作题材明显体现出“民族化”倾向,《长恨歌画意》、《龄官画蔷》、《抚琴》、《斜倚熏笼坐到明》、《书生拜大将》等作品甚至直接取材于古典诗词或小说。在现存的人物画中,大多数是旧式人物。陈师曾和王梦白的旧式作派,也许正符合李毅士在素材上的趣味。李毅士曾经说过:“我们学习西洋画的目标,不是模仿旧法,也没有一定趋向,不过是求一种充分表现的能力罢了。”[20]在他看来,学习西洋画,只不过是借其表现力而已,至于表现的内容,当然还是民族的东西,传统的东西。或许正是对作品取材的这种偏好,才使他选择了富有传统色彩的书画家做他的模特。当然,关于李毅士的艺术观念是一个值得深入讨论的问题,有待于行家专门研究,在此暂且不表。

《王梦白像》的创作去今90多年,往事已淹没于历史,幸有佳作重现。当我们面对作品,有必要钩沉那些同样被淹没的细节,以期还原历史的真实。


注:

[1]参阅《东方早报》对王璜生的访谈:《被遮蔽的“北平艺专”》,载2013年4月22日《东方早报》。

[2]《李毅士〈陈师曾像〉的修复》,《颂雅风艺术月刊》2013年第8期。

[3]李毅士作品资料参阅《李毅士画集》,天津人民美术出版社,2010年6月。该《画集》中惟一的一张签“祖鸿”名的油画作品《航海》,原作上世纪90年代初发现于杭州夜雨楼,当时引起过广泛讨论,疑为伪作,故在此不作单独分类。

[4]苏文此图也见之于网络。笔者在写作此文中曾与苏先生联系,获悉《中国历代书画家集》一书正在校稿,尚未正式出版。笔者已向苏先生指出原稿所绘“王梦白像”有误,不知正式出版后改过与否。

[5]黄濬:《花随人圣庵摭忆》,中华书局,2013年8月,第695-696页。

[6]王青芳:《王梦白画师》,《艺风》(杭州)1935年第2卷第3期。

[7]王雪涛:《忆梦白师》,《中国书画》1981年第10期。

[8][9]穹一:《记名画家王梦白》,《北洋画报》1934年11月15日。

[10]黄濬:《花随人圣庵摭忆》,第696页。

[11]《聊感逝偶谈王梦白》,《新天津画报》1943年第11卷第14期第1页。

[12]熊佛西:《故画家王梦白》,《评论报》1947年第9期。

[13]王青芳:《王梦白画师》。

[14]周肇祥:《王梦白先生墓表》,《艺林月刊》1937年第91期。

[15]王雪涛:《忆梦白师》。

[16]参阅拙文《王梦白与陈师曾交游考略》,《新美术》2014年第8期。

[17]潘渊若遗稿《忆梦白画师》,《衢州文史资料》第九辑,浙江人民出版社,1991年12月,第9页。

[18]黄濬:《花随人圣庵摭忆》,第693页。

[19]熊佛西:《故画家王梦白》,《评论报》1947年第9期。

[20]李毅士:《学习西洋画的目标》,《妇女杂志》1929年第15卷第7期。

(本文为江西师范大学2013年度科研计划项目[人文社科类]阶段性成果)

作者|吕作用(博士、江西师范大学美术学院副教授)

编辑|郑丽君

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This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

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During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

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Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.

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According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

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(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

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(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

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I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.

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Article I

This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.

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During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.

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According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):

I. General Provisions

(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.

(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.

(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.

II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use

(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.

(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.

(3) Geographical Scope of Use

The applicable geographic scope is global.

The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).

III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use

Use in perpetuity.

IV. Licensing Fees

The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.

After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.

Additional Terms

(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.

(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.

(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.

Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.

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