2019年12月5日下午，以“潘世勋的速写与创作教学”为主题的研讨会在在中央美术学院油画系会议室举行。该活动是中央美术学院美术馆正在进行的潘世勋个展“淬砺求实，以真为师——潘世勋的速写与油画”系列活动之一，参会者包括潘世勋，油画系、国画学院、版画系、基础部等学院各部门教师及油画系在读同学，油画系副主任、一工作室主任胡建成教授担任研讨会主持。不同于多数由美术史学者、艺术批评家参与的理论性学术会议，此次会议更接近一次师生之间关于教学方法的探讨，以及艺术家之间围绕创作实践经验的交流。
中央美术学院油画系副主任、一工作室主任 胡建成
研讨会以本次展览中呈现的大量速写作品为着眼点，从潘世勋的艺术出发，围绕“速写练习之必要性”“写实绘画之未来”等话题展开。
在研讨会伊始，潘世勋回顾了自己在部队及美院的工作学习经历。特殊的社会环境背景使他没有经受过较为系统的课堂学习，但日常生活中一点一滴积累的速写经验为其日后的艺术创作打下了坚实的基础。潘世勋特意在此提出“看”与“见”的区别：“看到”不一定等于“见到”。“见”包含着对事物的完整观察与理解，而“视而不见”则是速写中容易出现的问题。如何能够真正的感受、领会一件事物，要求创作者能够深入生活、认识生活，这也体现在此次展览“淬砺求实，以真为师”的标题中。
油画家、美术教育家 潘世勋
潘世勋善画西藏题材，这始于他在美术院校五年级时期参与“首都人民赴藏慰问团”的经历。但初识西藏时，来自陌生地域的风土人情并未激发潘世勋拿起画笔：“西藏的景象差别太大了，甚至有一些太神秘，太奇幻。这不是我的创作想法。”真正联结潘世勋与西藏的契机是慰问团最后两个月与藏民同吃同住的经历。“原来很多人画西藏都画得很粗旷，但我们一接触发现，其实农区的藏民都是很老实巴交的，跟北方很多农民非常像。这些人的形象是很感人的，不仅是他的服装服饰，而是人本身的感人。”因此，潘世勋笔下的西藏不是异域情调式的，而是一种立足于人与人之间活生生的情感置换的真实。潘世勋在西藏主题绘画的创作中不是外族来客，而是一名参与者、观察者，这与他在部队中为战士们画寄给老家的画像、在美院下乡期间对老百姓一家一户的描摹是相同的。
现实主义是中国上世纪文艺创作的主题，但深入生活对潘世勋来说不是对文化政策的简单回应，而是始终贯穿于中国传统文化、古代诗词文学中的精神与实在寻得的乐趣。“生活是艺术的源泉，所以我很喜欢出去画，跑到外面去画。不是响应当时的号召。就是这种画画比在课堂和画室里画画乐趣更多，使你可以体会到很多生活的美好，有着一种绘画冲动。”
中央美术学院美术馆馆长 张子康
速写是潘世勋认识生活的手段与途径，而非最终目的，正因如此，潘世勋的许多速写相较油画，流露出更加充沛的自由感与生命力。中央美术学院美术馆馆长张子康教授表示，速写对于潘世勋而言，是感知、认知形体之外的世界的方法，而非技法训练的途径。胡建成也认为，速写在传统意义上并非作为成果展示的作品，而是一种对世界的体验与感知。现在的教学体系中是否还需要速写，是一个关于传统、关于艺术价值判断的问题。当如今的教学体系作为产业化的结果而流失掉最敏感的创造性，是否以及如何对现有的教学方法进行取舍与改革？写实教育是否还需继续？
中央美术学院版画系主任 王华祥
版画系主任王华祥教授指出，潘世勋作品的感人之处在于态度，这远比技巧更重要。“米勒的技巧不如门采尔，为什么却让我们感觉更真实？这是态度问题。”王华祥认为，不同于当代艺术家投入对集体梦的追寻，我们能在潘世勋的作品中看到他坚持自我的格格不入，和一种通过本性映照生活的真实。“速写是把我们带入现实生活，带入当下在场的方法”，而“是否需要速写的问题即是否需要写实绘画的问题。”王华祥还谈到，没有写实绘画，绘画也将迅速灭亡。从整个艺术史来看，自塞尚通过对细节与现象的否认将艺术推向逻辑的形式主义，艺术在几十年间迅速走向尽头。“今天所有的艺术都在重复，艺术停滞了。但每个画家画的东西都是不一样的，即使在那个崇尚自然的几百年内，每个艺术家的主观性、个性都是不同的。这是一个未来的话题，它要求我们去建立新的绘画理论。我们是一个开始，不是绘画的终结。”
中央美术学院油画系副主任 刘商英
油画系副主任刘商英教授也肯定了写实绘画的必要性：“当当代艺术开始回归对个人生活体验的关注以及对文化交融的反应时，写实绘画是一种有力的表现形式。”刘商英认为，绘画以最直接的方式感知事物，它与人的身体相关。绘画通过运动的状态与生命相连接，这是所有艺术形式里最原始，也是其它艺术不可取代的。速写是绘画中最单纯的情感体验，它无目的性的自由方式，也使速写本身成为独立的艺术创作。刘商英由此追溯了史前壁画中人类的观看与速记——这是人与世界最初的交流，它们与潘世勋的作品是相通的。
中央美术学院人事处处长 金日龙
在研讨会现场，与会老师们作为潘世勋的学生，与他一起回顾了教学中的点点滴滴。人事处处长金日龙教授1982年进入一画室学习，时值潘世勋担任他的班主任，他一方面谈及了当时的油画系教学给予他从绘画技法到规划工作方法等各方面促进的珍贵经历，另一方面也鼓励大家将以潘先生为代表的老一辈艺术家坚持笔耕不辍的勤奋精神传承下去。油画系孙逊教授谈到艺术家对材料媒介的选择与时代环境之关系，并指出潘世勋的油画作品中体现的中国味，这是他在吸收中国文学、书法、篆刻后的自然传达。油画系林笑初副教授回忆了潘世勋在教学中朴素谦和的性格。中国画学院教师张弓讲述了自己跟随潘世勋观摩写生的经历，并与潘先生讨论了如何突破当下学科分类给学生们带来的技法上的限制。基础部贺羽副教授分享了自己在潘世勋指引下熟悉坦培拉的经历，贺羽还对在座的同学们提出了学习艺术的一点意见：“大一的学生可以看一些理论书，如果年级高一点，建议多动手练习”。油画系教工党支部书记石煜副教授在研讨会最后的总结发言中以“短兵相接”形容潘世勋的创作状态，并指出作品中传达出的锋利血性的情绪——这也是大部分艺术家学习艺术的最初动力。
研讨会现场
关于速写与写实主义之未来的问题或许无法在一次简单研讨中得到明确解决，但至少为我们提供了一个思考的路径。或许正如胡建成在会议之初提到的，重要的不是创作问题，而是教育问题。作为在学院提出的研讨会，我们的出发点或许应该是速写与写实绘画在教学工作中的意义：我们希望为未来培养出什么样的艺术家，或者什么样的人？
研讨会现场
文／CAFAM官网编辑部
图／李标
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The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
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Use in perpetuity.
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The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
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(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
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CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
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This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
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Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
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Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
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Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
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During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
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Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
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CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
