“图示新探：延安文艺座谈会讲话与现实主义艺术”系列学术讲座，由中央美术学院美术馆直属党支部主办，计划从一系列与中央美术学院美术馆收藏与展示的具体作品出发，围绕1942年毛泽东同志《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》对艺术创作与艺术研究产生的影响展开，譬如：文艺创作方向的转变、创作主题的变化、创作中对于人民群众形象的表现、历史史实与艺术表达的关系等等。以此进一步探讨《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》对中国现代美术创作中新图示的创造以及中国文艺理论研究等方面所产生的深远影响。
本系列学术讲座在第一期拟举办五讲，邀请殷双喜、于洋、吴雪杉、杨灿伟和李垚辰等美术史学者主讲，主题包括王式廓的《改造二流子》、周令钊的《五四运动》、宋步云的《北平解放》、延安版画与鲁艺木刻工作团和袁运生的《水乡的记忆》等。系列讲座的总召集为美术馆直属党支部书记韩文超。
2022年11月2日由中央美术学院教授殷双喜开启首讲，主题为“改造与重塑——王式廓《改造二流子》再研究”，首次讲座与建筑学院党总支联合主办。
主讲人介绍
殷双喜
江苏泰州人。1991 年毕业于西安美术学院，获硕士学位，2002 年毕业于中央美术学院美术历史与理论系，获博士学位。现为中央美术学院教授、博士生导师，《美术研究》执行主编、国家近现代美术研究中心研究员、中国国家画院理论研究所研究员、《美术》杂志编委、中国雕塑学会副会长、中国画学会创会理事、中国油画学会理事、文化和旅游部国家重大题材创作项目专家指导委员会委员。研究方向为20世纪近现代中国美术。
讲座内容
讲座由美术馆直属党支部书记韩文超主持
讲座伊始，美术馆直属党支部书记韩文超首先介绍举办此次系列学术讲座的缘起是为了纪念1942年毛泽东同志《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》发表八十周年。他提到，举办系列讲座有两个目的，一方面是希望对重要馆藏和已展出重要作品进行一次新的聚焦和讨论，另一方面，也希望以作品为出发点，与诸位学者一起探讨对于中国现代美术创作中新图示的产生以及文艺理论研究等方面所产生的深远影响。“图示新探”这一系列学术讲座目前计划有五讲，之后计划在2023年度持续举办，争取打造成美术馆党建的特色品牌项目。
同时，此系列学术讲座还有两个背景：一是在二十大胜利闭幕之际，全党全国全行业全系统正在掀起学习二十大的热潮。二是美术馆作为我们学校的窗口和平台单位，富有弘扬和展示美院优秀作品、优良传统、传播优秀文化、普及大众美育的责任和使命，美术馆支部也将此次系列讲座作为学校层面的二级党校和党员教育的一个公共平台，共享教育资源，联学共进。
在介绍了“图示新探”系列学术讲座第一讲的主讲嘉宾殷双喜教授和主讲内容之后，韩文超书记对建筑学院党总支副书记李琳和王式廓基金会执行秘书长李蕾的支持、参与表示感谢，并向参与此次讲座活动的师生，特别是建筑学院的党员师生和通过线上平台参与此次讲座的燕郊校区附中的师生表示欢迎。
殷双喜教授在讲座现场
接下来，殷双喜教授开始了本次讲座的讲授。他首先对讲座内容进行了简要介绍，作为延安美术的杰出画家，王式廓的版画《改造二流子》是延安版画的代表作，也是王式廓艺术创作史上重要的早期代表作品之一，其中蕴含着丰富的文化与社会信息，有助于帮助我们认识近代中国的美术及社会发展。
讲座内容分为七大部分，逐一展开。不仅介绍王式廓的个人生平，而且介绍了延安鲁艺、延安文艺座谈会、延安木刻、延安大生产运动等历史事件，让观众在20世纪40年代延安的视野下，重新回望王式廓的版画《改造二流子》及相关主题美术创作，在当今语境下重新解读《改造二流子》的深远意义。
殷双喜教授首先对中国近现代美术的特征与研究方法进行了阐述。他认为，中国艺术的发展的特征之一是延续性大于断裂性，综合性多于纯粹性，这不同于20世纪以来西方现当代艺术的不断更迭，是我们观察中国艺术的基础视角。提到综合性，殷双喜教授提到今天的美术史学者已不再只谈论绘画作品与语言特征，20世纪全球艺术史研究的新兴的、主流的趋势是从社会学、文化学、艺术学等角度展开跨学科综合性研究。
1940年10月，延安鲁艺战地写生画展门前（后排左起：王式廓、华君武、胡蛮、蔡若虹、力群，前排左1陈布文、吴咸和大女儿王荻地）
延安文艺是20世纪中国文艺发展的高峰之一，产生了《黄河大合唱》、歌剧《白毛女》、平剧《逼上梁山》与延安版画等诸多创作。近年来，有关延安文艺的研究认为文艺主流思想或语言风格的变化，有时不会即刻与时代及政治同步，这正是由于艺术创作的延续性与文化的相对封闭性，因此艺术史研究不能完全以政治事件节点作为划分节点。
王式廓为山东人，1932年入北平美术学院，1933年到国立杭州艺专学习西画，1934年到上海美专西画系研究进步木刻，1936年考入东京美院。在多所美术学校学习。1937年“七七”事变，王式廓毫不犹豫退学回国参加抗日活动，创作了大量抗日宣传画。1938年，他在延安鲁艺担任教员兼研究员，1942年加入中国共产党。在延安是他艺术生涯比较稳定，比较突出的创作时期。
1932年国立北平大学艺术学院学生，后排右6王式廓
王式廓《台儿庄会战》 油画 1938年
王式廓 《鲁艺美术系四期学员吕琳》 泥塑 1941年
抗战胜利，他随着鲁艺转战，接着转入北方大学与华北大学。新中国成立后，他创作了油画《参军》、《井冈山会师》、《毛主席和我们在一起》及大型素描《血衣》等作品，成为中央美术学院研究部主任、院党委委员，其创作深刻影响了中央美术学院的教学与创作。1973年5月23号，他在河南农村深入生活，为《血衣》油画搜集素材，逝世于画架前，享年62岁。
王式廓去世前的最后一张照片
王式廓为完成油画《血衣》在巩县所画的最后一幅画
在王式廓人物生平介绍的铺垫之后，殷双喜教授开始探讨《改造二流子》的研究意义。《改造二流子》是延安版画的代表作，也是王式廓艺术创作史上最重要的早期代表作品之一。在今天看来，《改造二流子》是一幅难得的历史题材创作，其中蕴含着丰富的文化与社会信息，是延安时期中国共产党探索社会改造、提升执政管理能力的重要见证，研究这幅版画作品也有助于我们认识现代中国的社会发展和主题性美术创作。
王式廓《改造二流子》木刻 17.2×26.4cm 1943年
讲座由此进入第二部分，殷双喜教授从延安鲁艺、延安文艺座谈会、延安木刻、延安大生产运动等事件切入，让观众进入20世纪40年代延安的历史语境中。
在全民抗日的热潮中，王式廓没有忘记艺术根本问题的探求，艺术家除了积极参加抗战的宣传活动，如何能够提高艺术创作的内在质量，提升艺术作品的品质？如何处理艺术与生活的关系？殷双喜教授提到，正是在延安的生活与学习，使王式廓找到了此前困惑他的艺术创作的根本问题，即艺术创作的基本动力，是来自某一时期政治、政策的命题要求，还是来自生活给予艺术家的重大影响和人民的迫切需要？艺术如何更为生动、更为准确地呈现时代发展的真实面貌？
1937年初到1940年底，通往延安小路上，许多青年知识分子长途跋涉奔赴延安。
右：1938年4月10日鲁迅艺术学院开学典礼，毛泽东与鲁艺师生合影，背后为延安城里的基督教浸礼会礼拜堂，鲁艺学员常在此上大课。图右远处为延安宝塔。
殷双喜教授从大量文献出发，对延安鲁艺的创立缘起、教育方针与课程设置等进行了全面介绍。
1942年鲁艺学员在自己挖建的窑洞画室上素描课
同年王式廓在鲁艺美术系上课
1942年5月，中共中央在延安召开了文艺座谈会，毛泽东在会上发表了《延安文艺座谈会讲话》。这次会议和毛泽东的讲话，对于抗战时期中国文艺的发展和中国共产党执政后的新中国文艺十分重要，《延安文艺座谈会讲话》奠定了中国共产党的文艺方针，对中国文学艺术的发展具有深远的指导意义。《讲话》紧紧抓住文艺与人民的关系，提出了“人民文艺观”的三大要点。 《延安文艺座谈会讲话》拉开了文艺界整风的序幕，是延安整风运动的一部分。
1942年5月23日延安文艺座谈会后合影及名单
接着，殷双喜教授聚焦于延安木刻艺术，提到有关中国共产党领导下的延安及陕甘宁边区的新生活、新气象，在20世纪30、40年代的延安木刻艺术中，得到了充分的反映，并且在国际上产生了较大影响，曾两次赴苏联展出。延安的木刻、年画作品，如《积极养鸡增加生产》（罗工柳）、《拥护咱们老百姓自己的军队》（古元）、《丰衣足食》（力群）、《改造二流子》（王式廓）等作品。
古元《减租会》1943年
彦涵《给农民治病》14.3×21.3cm 1943年
而有关延安大生产运动的介绍，让现场观众的视角回归到更大的时代背景下。殷双喜教授主要阐述了劳动生产如何既创造物质财富也改造和教育人，运用丰富的文献对陕甘宁边区的经济生活进行了生动描述。希望大家从历史的角度理解《改造二流子》创作的时代背景。
鲁艺师生参加大生产运动 1942年
1943年11月26日，陕甘宁边区第一届劳动英雄模范生产工作者代表大会及第三届生产展览会举行开幕典礼，出席代表185名，林伯渠主席致开幕词。
在对大生产运动中的“二流子”现象的分析之后，接着，殷双喜教授探讨了对《改造二流子》的再研究，从二流子的定义、时代背景出发，将《改造二流子》与其他相同主题作品对比，深入挖掘形象塑造的生活依据，例如由“斗争二流子”至“改造二流子”的改变，使得王式廓在构图上进行了调整。随后，由作品分析又再次回到时代背景中，阐述了《改造二流子》如何体现延安改造二流子运动的成功之处。殷双喜教授认为，二流子改造运动是陕甘宁边区社会教育的一部分和一项社会运动，陕甘宁边区对二流子的成功改造是一个奇迹。最后，殷教授联系新中国成立以后对于农民与劳动的视觉表现，讲述了作品背后贯穿至今的劳动光荣的精神,并列举了教育部关于开展中小学生劳动教育的新闻，强调了劳动在当下社会的重要意义，《改造二流子》在当下依然有着重要的历史意义。
王式廓《改造二流子草图—劝说》
王式廓《改造二流子》套色木刻 17.2×26.4cm 1947年 中国美术馆藏
最后，中央美术学院美术馆直属党支部书记韩文超对殷双喜教授运用完整系统和大量史料呈现的精彩讲座表示感谢，特别提到殷双喜教授带领我们不光以《改造二流子》这个作品为切入点了解了作品本身，更是在时代背景的精心梳理下，把延安文艺座谈会整个背景，甚至把延安鲁艺的红色血脉、红色基因做了讲述，这是一个完整的红色革命教育和校史教育，并再一次感谢了殷双喜教授。
“图示新探：延安文艺座谈会讲话与现实主义艺术”系列学术讲座
主办：中央美术学院美术馆直属党支部
召集：韩文超
执行：刘希言、李垚辰、胡晓岚、闵志伊
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CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
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This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
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Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
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Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
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Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
CAFA Art Museum Publication Authorization Agreement
I fully agree to CAFA Art Museum (CAFAM) submitting to CAFA for publication the images, pictures, texts, writings, and event products (such as works created during participation in workshops) related to me from my participation in public events (including museum member events) organized by the CAFA Art Museum Public Education Department. CAFA can publish these materials by electronic, web, or other digital means, and I hereby agree to be included in the China Knowledge Resource Bank, the CAFA Database, the CAFA Art Museum Database, and related data, documentation, and filing institutions and platforms. Regarding their use in CAFA and dissemination on the internet, I agree to make use of these rights according to the stated Rules.
CAFA Art Museum Event Safety Disclaimer
Article I
This event was organized on the principles of fairness, impartiality, and voluntary participation and withdrawal. Participants undertake all risk and liability for themselves. All events have risks, and participants must be aware of the risks related to their chosen event.
Article II
Event participants must abide by the laws and regulations of the People’s Republic of China, as well as moral and ethical norms. All participants must demonstrate good character, respect for others, friendship, and a willingness to help others.
Article III
Event participants should be adults (people 18 years or older with full civil legal capacity). Underage persons must be accompanied by an adult.
Article IV
Event participants undertake all liability for their personal safety during the event, and event participants are encouraged to purchase personal safety insurance. Should an accident occur during an event, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for the accident, but both have the obligation to provide assistance. Event participants should actively organize and implement rescue efforts, but do not undertake any legal or economic liability for the accident itself. The museum does not undertake civil or joint liability for the personal safety of event participants.
Article V
During the event, event participants should respect the order of the museum event and ensure the safety of the museum site, the artworks in displays, exhibitions, and collections, and the derived products. If an event causes any degree of loss or damage to the museum site, space, artworks, or derived products due to an individual, persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for losses. The event participant must negotiate and provide compensation according to the relevant legal statutes and museum rules. The museum may sue for legal and financial liability.
Article VI
Event participants will participate in the event under the guidance of museum staff and event leaders or instructors and must correctly use the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities provided for the event. If a participant causes injury or harm to him/herself or others while using the painting tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, or causes the damage or destruction of the tools, materials, equipment, and/or facilities, the event participant must undertake all related liability and provide compensation for the financial losses. Persons not involved in the accident and the museum do not undertake any liability for personal accidents.
CAFA Art Museum Portraiture Rights Licensing Agreement
According to The Advertising Law of the People’s Republic of China, The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and The Provisional Opinions of the Supreme People’s Court on Some Issues Related to the Full Implementation of the General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, and upon friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have arrived at the following agreement regarding the use of works bearing Party A’s image in order to clarify the rights and obligations of the portrait licenser (Party A) and the user (Party B):
I. General Provisions
(1) Party A is the portraiture rights holder in this agreement. Party A voluntarily licenses its portraiture rights to Party B for the purposes stipulated in this agreement and permitted by law.
(2) Party B (CAFA Art Museum) is a specialized, international modern art museum. CAFA Art Museum keeps pace with the times, and works to create an open, free, and academic space and atmosphere for positive interaction with groups, corporations, institutions, artists, and visitors. With CAFA’s academic research as a foundation, the museum plans multi-disciplinary exhibitions, conferences, and public education events with participants from around the world, providing a platform for exchange, learning, and exhibition for CAFA’s students and instructors, artists from around the world, and the general public. As a public institution, the primary purposes of CAFA Art Museum’s public education events are academic and beneficial to society.
(3) Party B will photograph all CAFA Public Education Department events for Party A.
II. Content, Forms of Use, and Geographical Scope of Use
(1) Content. The content of images taken by Party B bearing Party A’s likeness include: ① CAFA Art Museum ② CAFA campus ③ All events planned or executed by the CAFAM Public Education Department.
(2) Forms of Use. For use in CAFA’s publications, products with CDs, and promotional materials.
(3) Geographical Scope of Use
The applicable geographic scope is global.
The media in which the portraiture may be used encompasses any media that does not infringe upon Party A’s portraiture rights (e.g., magazines and the internet).
III. Term of Portraiture Rights Use
Use in perpetuity.
IV. Licensing Fees
The fees for images bearing Party A’s likeness will be undertaken by Party B.
After completion, Party B does not need to pay any fees to Party A for images bearing Party A’s likeness.
Additional Terms
(1) All matters not discussed in this agreement shall be resolved through friendly negotiation between both parties. Both parties may then sign a supplementary agreement, provided it does not violate any laws or regulations.
(2) This agreement comes into effect on the date that it is signed (sealed) and the relevant boxes are selected by Party A and Party B.
(3) This agreement exists in paper and electronic forms. The paper form is made in duplicate, with Party A and Party B each retaining one copy with the same legal efficacy.
Event participants implicitly accept and undertake all the obligations stated in this agreement. Those who do not consent will be seen as abandoning the right to participate in this event. Before participating in this event, please speak to your family members to obtain their consent and inform them of this disclaimer. After participants sign/check the required box, participants and their families will be seen as having read and agreed to these terms.
I have carefully read and agree to the above provisions.
